Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition, particularly mood disorder in which extreme mood fluctuations, including highs and lows are present. Because of its nature it was earlier known as manic depression. It is still sometimes known as seasonal affective disorder as the symptoms may vary from season to season.

It is a life-long condition which can be managed with proper treatment including medications and psychotherapy.

Bipolar I Disorder

In this type of bipolar disorder, a person may have at least one full blown manic episode and then later on may have episodes of hypomania or depression.

Bipolar II Disorder

In this type of bipolar disorder, a person may have at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode, but no full blown manic episode.

Cyclothymic Disorder

In this type of disorder, a person may have hypomanic episodes and mild depressive symptoms for at least two consecutive years (one year in case of a teenager)

Mania is considered as the extreme high whereas hypomania is a little less. However, the symptoms are the same, which are-

• Increased energy or excitement
• Inflated sense of happiness 
• Inflated sense of self-esteem
• Overconfidence
• Flustered thinking
• Decreased need for sleep
• High libido
• High risk taking behaviour
• Aggressive behaviour
• Losing touch from reality (psychosis) (in severe mania)

Depression is also a mood disorder in which persistent low mood is the main feature. Here are some common symptoms of depression-

• Persistent low mood
• Feelings of being helpless 
• Hopelessness
• Feelings of being worthless and there is no need to be alive (severe depression)
• Lack of interest in the activities which used to be pleasurable earlier
• Losing track of time
• Finding difficulty in completing tasks on time
• Difficulty in falling asleep or sleeping too much

Bipolar disorder, once diagnosed, needs to be checked on regularly as the symptoms may vary from time to time. Ignoring the treatment of this disorder can be life threatening, therefore, it is advised to take proper treatment from a mental health professional.

Medications

A mental health practitioner or a Psychiatrist may provide mood stabilisers based on the physical condition of the client. Once the medications are provided, it is advised to get the symptoms checked and get some blood investigations (advised by the doctor) from time to time, in order to maintain the condition. Even if the symptoms are no longer visible, when the next follow up is due, the client is supposed to see the practitioner. This needs to be done so that further complications or relapse or severity of the condition may not happen.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy helps the client to understand the warning signs and triggers of one’s condition. It helps in better understanding of the triggers so that whenever there is possibility of the shift in mood, the client may be well aware of it and take proper precautions and medications advised by the doctor. Psychotherapy works best with the proper medications and both the treatment methods are equally important to maintain the condition.